Irregular verbs, all in one place
English has a few hundred verbs that refuse the -ed rule. These are the ones common enough to actually meet, each linked to a full page with examples.
The full table (182 verbs)
| base | past | participle |
|---|---|---|
| abide | abode | abode |
| arise | arose | arisen |
| awake | awoke | awoken |
| be | was | been |
| bear | bore | born |
| beat | beat | beaten |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| behold | beheld | beheld |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bet | bet | bet |
| bid | bid | bid |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| breed | bred | bred |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| burst | burst | burst |
| bust | bust | bust |
| buy | bought | bought |
| can | could | could |
| cast | cast | cast |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| cling | clung | clung |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| creep | crept | crept |
| crow | crew | crowed |
| cut | cut | cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| dive | dove | dived |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| dwell | dwelt | dwelt |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| fit | fit | fitted |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fling | flung | flung |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| get | got | gotten |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grind | ground | ground |
| grow | grew | grown |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| input | input | input |
| keep | kept | kept |
| knit | knit | knit |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| leap | leapt | leapt |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lied |
| light | lit | lighted |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken |
| offset | off-set | off-set |
| output | output | output |
| overcome | over-came | over-came |
| override | over-rode | over-ridden |
| overrun | overran | overrun |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen |
| overtake | over-took | over-taken |
| overthrow | overthrew | overthrown |
| panic | panicked | panicked |
| pay | paid | paid |
| picnic | picnicked | picnicked |
| put | put | put |
| quit | quit | quit |
| read | read | read |
| rebuild | re-built | re-built |
| remake | remade | remade |
| repay | repaid | repaid |
| reset | re-set | re-set |
| retake | re-took | re-taken |
| rethink | re-thought | re-thought |
| rewrite | re-wrote | re-written |
| rid | rid | rid |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shed | shed | shed |
| shine | shone | shone |
| shit | shit | shit |
| shoe | shod | shod |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| sit | sat | sat |
| slay | slew | slain |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| slide | slid | slid |
| sling | slung | slung |
| slit | slit | slit |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| speed | sped | sped |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spin | spun | spun |
| spit | spit | spit |
| split | split | split |
| spread | spread | spread |
| spring | sprung | sprung |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| sting | stung | stung |
| stink | stank | stunk |
| stride | strode | stridden |
| strike | struck | struck |
| string | strung | strung |
| strive | strove | striven |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| thrust | thrust | thrust |
| traffic | trafficked | trafficked |
| tread | trod | trodden |
| undergo | under-went | under-gone |
| understand | understood | understood |
| undertake | under-took | under-taken |
| undo | undid | undone |
| uphold | upheld | upheld |
| upset | upset | upset |
| wake | woke | woken |
| wear | wore | worn |
| weave | wove | woven |
| wed | wed | wed |
| weep | wept | wept |
| wet | wet | wet |
| will | would | would |
| win | won | won |
| wind | wound | wound |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
| withhold | withheld | withheld |
| withstand | withstood | withstood |
| write | wrote | written |
| wrought | wrought | wrought |
Why these verbs resist the rule
Nearly all of them are survivors of Old English "strong" verbs, which marked tense by changing the vowel (sing, sang, sung) rather than adding an ending. The -ed rule won everywhere else because it is simpler, but the most frequently spoken verbs were said too often to change. That is why the irregulars are almost all everyday words: be, go, get, make, take, come.
The practical rule: if a new verb enters English today, it will be regular. Google became googled, not gogole.